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Accuracy of 5-axis precision milling for guided surgical template

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¹ÚÁö¸¸ ( Park Ji-Man ) - ÀÌÈ­¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úÇб³½Ç º¸Ã¶°ú
ÀÌÅ°æ ( Yi Tae-Kyoung ) - ¼­¿ïÁÁÀºÄ¡°ú
Á¤Á¦±³ ( Jung Je-Kyo ) - ¼­¿ïÁÁÀºÄ¡°ú
±è¿ë ( Kim Yong ) - ÇѸ²´ëÇб³ ÀÓ»óÄ¡ÀÇÇдëÇпø ÀÓÇöõÆ®Çаú
¹ÚÀºÁø ( Park Eun-Jin ) - ÀÌÈ­¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úÇб³½Ç º¸Ã¶°ú
ÇÑÁ¾Çö ( Han Chong-Hyun ) - ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úº¸Ã¶Çб³½Ç
°ûÀ翵 ( Koak Jai-Young ) - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úº¸Ã¶Çб³½Ç
±è¼º±Õ ( Kim Seong-Kyun ) - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úº¸Ã¶Çб³½Ç
Ç㼺ÁÖ ( Heo Seong-Joo ) - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úº¸Ã¶Çб³½Ç

Abstract

¿¬±¸¸ñÀû: ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ-°¡À̵å ÀÓÇöõÆ® ¼ö¼úÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀåÁ¡À» °¡Áø´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº °¡ÀÌµå ¼ö¼ú¿ë ÅÛÇø´ Á¦ÀÛÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ 5Ãà Á¤¹Ð°¡ °ø°øÁ¤ÀÇ Á¤È®µµ¸¦ ¹ü¿ë CAD ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿ª¼³°è°øÇÐÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿¬±¸Àç·á ¹× ¹æ¹ý: ¾Ç±Ã ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸ðÇü¿¡ °ÅŸÆÛÃÄ ½ºÅ¸ÇÎÀ» ¸Å½ÄÇÑ 10 °³ÀÇ ¸ðÇüÀ» ¸¸µé°í »óºÎ¿¡ ½Ç¸®ÄÜ ÀλóÀ縦 ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀΰøÄ¡ÀºÀ» µ¤¾î ½ºÅ¸ÇÎÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Ô °¡·È´Ù. ¸ðÇüÀÇ Çϸ鿡 µ¿±âÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ Çü»óÀ» ¸¸µç µÚ Cone beam CT¿¡¼­ 3Â÷¿ø ¿µ»óÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ÀÓÇöõÆ® °èȹ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ CT À̹ÌÁö »ó¿¡¼­ ¸Å½ÄµÈ ½ºÅ¸Çΰú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ½ºÅ¸ÇÎÀÇ 1/2 ±íÀ̱îÁö °¡»óÀÇ ½Ã¼ú°èȹÀ» ÇÏ°í, ½ºÅ¸ÇÎÀÇ ¹æÇ⺤ÅÍ¿Í ÀúÁöÁ¡ (1/2ÁöÁ¡) µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¼®°í¸ðÇüÀÇ ¿µ»óÀ¸·Î ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ¸ðÇü ÇϸéÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ Çü»óÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °¡°ø±â±â»óÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥·Î ÁÂÇ¥º¯È¯À» ÅëÇØ °¡°øÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 5Ãà ¹Ð¸µ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ÆÇ¿¡ ¸ðÇüÀ» °íÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ, µ¿±âÈ­µÈ °¡°øµ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÏ¿© ½ºÅ¸Çΰú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Á÷°æÀÇ µå¸±·Î °èȹµÈ º¤ÅÍ¿Í ±íÀÌ·Î Á¤È®È÷ °¡°ø ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ðµ¨¿¡ Á¤È®È÷ ¾ÈÂøµÇ´Â ÀλóÆ®·¹À̸¦ CT Àåºñ¿¡ ¹Ì¸® °íÁ¤ÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­, ÀλóÆ®·¹ÀÌ¿¡ ¸ðµ¨À» ÀûÇÕÇÏ¿© À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ȹµæÇÑ µÚ 3Â÷¿ø À籸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿µ»óÀ» ÁßøÇÏ¿© ºñ±³ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. SolidWorks (Dassault Systems, Concord, USA) ¹ü¿ë CAD »ó¿¡ ¿µ»óÀ» ºÒ·¯µé¿© ¿ª¼³°è°øÇÐÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ½Ç¸°´õ »óºÎ, ÇϺÎÀÇ ÁßÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ À§Ä¡ÆíÂ÷¿Í °¢µµÆíÂ÷¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. Åë°è´Â SPSS (release 14.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA)¸¦ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °¢ ÆíÂ÷ »çÀÌÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù (¥á= 0.05).

°á°ú: À§Ä¡ ÆíÂ÷·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç µå¸± º¸¾î (bore)¿¡¼­ »óºÎ 1/2¿¡ ÀÜÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÅŸÆÛÃÄÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½ÇÇè ¸ðÇü»ó¿¡¼­ °èȹµÈ À̹ÌÁö¿Í µå¸±¸µ ÈÄCT¿¡¼­ ¿ª¼³°è¸¦ °ÅÄ£ À̹ÌÁö »çÀÌÀÇ À§Ä¡ÆíÂ÷´Â »óºÎ¿¡¼­ 0.31 (0.15 - 0.42) mm, ÇϺο¡¼­ 0.36 (0.24 - 0.51) mm, °¢µµÆíÂ÷´Â 1.62 (0.54 - 2.27)??À̾ú´Ù. ½Ç¸°´õ »óºÎ¿Í ÇϺΠÀ§Ä¡ ÆíÂ÷´Â ¾çÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù (Pearson Correlation Coeffocient = 0.904, P= .013).

°á·Ð: ÁÂÇ¥µ¿±âÈ­ 5Ãà Á¤¹Ð°¡°ø °øÁ¤Àº °¡ÀÌµå ¼ö¼ú¿ë ÅÛÇø´À» Á¦ÀÛÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ Á¤È®µµ¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.

Purpose: The template-guided implant surgery offers several advantages over the traditional approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of coordinate synchronization procedure with 5-axis milling machine for surgical template fabrication by means of reverse engineering through universal CAD software.

Materials and Methods : The study was performed on ten edentulous models with imbedded gutta percha stoppings which were hidden under silicon gingival form. The platform for synchordination was formed on the bottom side of models and these casts were imaged in Cone beam CT. Vectors of stoppings were extracted and transferred to those of planned implant on virtual planning software. Depth of milling process was set to the level of one half of stoppings and the coordinate of the data was synchronized to the model image. Synchronization of milling coordinate was done by the conversion process for the platform for the synchordination located on the bottom of the model. The models were fixed on the synchordination plate of 5-axis milling machine and drilling was done as the planned vector and depth based on the synchronized data with twist drill of the same diameter as GP stopping. For the 3D rendering and image merging, the impression tray was set on the conbeam CT and pre- and post-CT acquiring was done with the model fixed on the impression body. The accuracy analysis was done with Solidworks (Dassault systems, Concord, USA) by measuring vector of stopping¡¯s top and bottom centers of experimental model through merging and reverse engineering the planned and post-drilling CT image. Correlations among the parameters were tested by means of Pearson correlation coefficient and calculated with SPSS (release 14.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA) (¥á = 0.05).

Results: Due to the declination, GP remnant on upper half of stoppings was observed for every drilled bores. The deviation between planned image and drilled bore that was reverse engineered was 0.31 (0.15 - 0.42) mm at the entrance, 0.36 (0.24 - 0.51) mm at the apex, and angular deviation was 1.62 (0.54 - 2.27)¡Æ. There was positive correlation between the deviation at the entrance and that at the apex (Pearson Correlation Coefficient = 0.904, P = .013).

Conclusion: The coordinate synchronization 5-axis milling procedure has adequate accuracy for the production of the guided surgical template.

Å°¿öµå

ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ-°¡ÀÌµå ¼ö¼ú; ÀÓÇöõÆ® ¼ö¼ú¿ë ÅÛÇø´; ¹Ð¸µ¸Ó½Å; ¿ª¼³°è°øÇÐ
Computer-guided surgery; Implant surgical template; Milling machine; Reverse engineering

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